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Acasă Energie Biocombustibilii ameninta taranii

Biocombustibilii ameninta taranii

0

Productia in crestere a biocombustibililor nu numai ca contribuie la criza preturilor la hrana la nivel mondial, dar reprezinta si un risc pentru tarani pentru ca acestia isi pot pierde terenurile in favoarea culturilor pentru energie, se arata intr-un raport care va fi prezentat in cadrul summitului din aceasta saptamana din Roma, informeaza Reuters.

Utilizarea hranei ca porumbul, uleiul de palmier si trestia de zahar pentru producerea combustibililor este blamata in parte pentru preturile in crestere la hrana, care duc milioane de oameni la foamete, tema cheie a summitului care va reuni lideri mondiali in aceasta saptamana in Roma.

Condamnati anul trecut ca „o crima impotriva umanitatii” de catre fostul raportor al ONU pe probleme de hrana, Jean Ziegler, criticii biocombustibililor spun ca acestia iau hrana de la gura oamenilor si o duc in rezervoarele de combustibili si concureaza pe terenuri cu culturile pentru hrana.

Atat Statele Unite cat si Uniunea Europeana au politici de promovare a biocombustibililor ca alternativa la dependenta de petrol nerafinat.

Noul raport publicat de catre Organizatia pentru Agricultura si Hrana (FAO), care organizeaza summitul de trei zile care va incepe maine, a ridicat cateva riscuri sociale si de mediu cauzate de biocombustibili, dar precizeaza ca acestia nu sunt principala cauza a crizei hranei.

„Cresterile preturilor la hrana inregistrate recent in lume nu sunt cauzate in principal de biocombustibili”, se arata in raportul care subliniaza ca principalele motive ale cresterilor sunt culturile sarace, stocurile in scadere si cererea in crestere din Asia.

Realizat de catre FAO si Institutul International pentru Mediu si Dezvoltare (IIED), raportul „Excluderea biocombustibililor? Boomul biocombustibililor si accesul limitat al oamenilor la terenuri”, arata ca boomul biocombustibililor reprezinta o amenintare pentru milioane de tarani.

Estimativ 1% din terenul arabil al globului este utilizat pentru producerea de biocombustibil, un procent care va creste la intre 2,5 si 3,8 procente pana in 2030, depinde de politici, conform datelor Agentiei Internationale pentru Energie.

Unii tarani fermieri ar putea profita de pe urma acestui boom daca au acces la teren pentru culturile banoase, dar ceilalti este foarte posibil sa fie scosi de pe terenuri pentru plantarea la scara larga, mai arata raportul.

„Anumite grupuri sociale, ca pastorii, cultivatorii mici si femeile, sunt in special vulnerabile excluderii de pe terenuri cauzate de cresterea preturilor acestora, in vreme ce oamenii care nu au nici in prezent pamant vor vedea bariere mai multe in fata accesului la el”, se precizeaza in raport.

Raportul recomanda noi standarde care sa asigure dreptul la pamant oamenilor saraci, inclusiv o schema de certificare a biocombustibililor care sa asigure producerea lor in conditii optime, care sa nu presupuna distrugerea mediului local.

Un grup denumit Masa Rotunda pentru Ulei de Palmier Sustenabil creeaza deja o astfel de schema, iar UE ia in considerare varianta ca doar biocombustibilii certificati sa fie eligibili pentru tinta de 10% pana in 2020.

„Biocombustibilii nu sunt neaparat o veste proasta pentru fermierii mici”, concluzioneaza raportul, aratand ca taranii ar putea, in cel mai bun caz sa se bucure de o „renastere a agriculturii”, daca le vor fi protejate drepturile.

In orice caz, mai arata lucrarea, biocombustibii reprezinta o solutie pe termen lung.