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Ziua: Era glaciara in numai sase luni

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Ultima era glaciara s-a instalat in numai sase luni de zile, si nu treptat, pe parcursul mai multor ani, cum indicau cercetarile stiintifice anterioare. Noile informatii fac astfel plauzibil un scenariu de genul celui avansatin megaproductia hollywoodiana "The Day After Tomorrow".

Potrivit revistei New Scien­tist, cercetari recente au relevat faptul ca, in urma cu aproape 13.000 de ani, Europa si America de Nord au inghetat dupa o incetinire subita a activitatii Curentului Golfului (sau Gulf Stream), fapt care a permis frigului sa patrunda pana la mii de kilometri in sudul Arcticii. Revenirea la temperaturi normale s-a produs dupa 1300 de ani. Format in Marea Caraibelor, Curentul Golfului reprezinta un fel de radiator pentru partea de nord a Europei. Caldura apei este transferata in atmosfera si apoi redistribuita de catre vanturi in zonele nordice ale Europei. Cercetarile anterioare indicau faptul ca respectivele schimbari climaterice s-ar fi produs pe parcursul unei perioade mai lungi – cel putin un deceniu.

"A fost o schimbare extrema pentru locuitorii din zonele res­pective. Ar fi ca si cum am lua acum Marea Britanie si am muta-o in zona arctica", precizeaza William Patterson, profesor de geologie la Univer­sitatea din Saskatoon, Canada, seful echipei de studiu.

Pamantul vorbeste

Aceste ultime descoperiri confirma practic o serie de studii stiintifice anterioare care indicau instabili­tatea climei terestre si faptul ca trecerea de la temperaturi normale la unele extreme poate fi foarte de rapida. Savantul canadian isi bazeaza concluziile pe cercetarile intreprinse asupra depozitelor de lut extrase din Lough Mon­reagh, un lac din vestul Irlandei, regiune in care se gaseste "cel mai bun material stiintific" pentru astfel de studii. Cu ajutorul unor instrumente de mare precizie, profesorul Patterson a analizat fiecare din straturile lutului, variatiile acestora putand fi folosite pentru masurarea schimbarilor climaterice la intervale foarte scurte de timp.

Astfel, savantul a remarcat o scadere brusca a temperaturilor, prin disparitia in decurs de numai cateva luni a plantelor si animalelor care populau lacul. Dramaticul eveniment a fost provocat cel mai probabil de golirea brusca si rapida a Lacului Agassiz (lac de dimensiuni uriase – dupa unii mai mare decat statul american California – ale carui urme au fost identificate in Canada, Statele Unite si mai nou in Rusia). Apele inghetate ale acestuia s-au revarsat in Atlanticul de nord si ocenul Arctic, provocand o perturbare a activitatii Curentului Golfului. Savantii spun ca un singur an de perturbare a Curentului Golfului a fost suficient pentru instalarea unei mini-ere glaciare (cum a fost cea de acum 12.800 de ani) si a fost nevoie de 1300 de ani pentru ca Gulf Stream sa se reaseze pe directia initiala.

Unii specialisti considera normale fluctuatiile climaterice. In istoria sa de 4,5 miliarde de ani, Pamantul a experimentat cel putin patru ere glaciare majore, dintre care ultima, Cuaternarul continua inca. "Civilizatia umana s-a dezvoltat intr-o perioada de stabilitate climaterica remarcabila. Intre anii 65.000 si 10.000 i. Hr existau perioade de incalzire si racire abrupte la fiecare 1500 de ani", explica profesorul Tim Lenton, de la Universitatea East Anglia.

"Clima se carac­terizeaza in mod fundamental prin instabilitate, asadar unul dintre mistere este legat tocmai de faptul ca a ramas calda in ultimii 10.000 de ani", spune la randul sau cercetatorul Chris Stringer, de la Muzeul de Istorie Naturala din Londra.