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Romania are perspective organice

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Francis Blake, presedintele IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements) din Uniunea Europeana, sustine standarde
separate pentru agricultura organica in fiecare tara europeana. El e convins ca acest sector se va dezvolta si in Romania pe modelul occidental.

Interviu de Raul Cazan

Are Romania vreo sansa pe piata bio europeana? Ce potential are tara noastra?

Avand in vedere relativa lipsa de dezvoltare a agriculturii romanesti in comparatie cu celelalte vechi „noi“ membre ale Uniunii Europene, exista totusi abilitatea de a ramane producatori extensivi. Este esential pentru a reusi sa dati un raspuns problemelor ridicate de schimbarile climatice. Paradoxal, agricultura mai putin dezvoltata are capacitatea de a avea mai mult succes in aceasta lunga si necunoscuta intreprindere. Tehnicile de productie organica trebuie bine adoptate aici pentru ca imbunatatesc structura solului, fertilitatea sa si capacitatea apei.

Foarte important, agricultura organica este extrem de putin dependenta de petrol. In viitor, petrolul va fi o resursa scumpa si va avea consecinte majore asupra agriculturii sub multe aspecte. In consecinta, daca agricultura Romaniei este mai putin dependenta de petrol, e un bun punct de start.

Tentatia este ca in state in curs de dezvoltare sa se treaca direct la industrializare, la dezvoltare in pasi mari. Este o abordare periculoasa din
perspectiva climatica si ecologica. Exista o mare problema legata de marketingul produselor agricole. Noile membre ale Uniunii Europene se gandesc numai la exporturi. Evident, exportul este o componenta extrem de importanta a dezvoltarii economice, dar productia si consumul locale trebuie favorizate. Din perspectiva schimbarilor climatice si a accesului la resurse de petrol, problema se extinde. Exportul masiv duce la mari importuri, dar acestea ar trebui sa ajute la dezvoltarea de piete locale.

Dar cum cream cerere? Exista o reteta pentru asta?

E o intrebare buna, cu un raspuns simplu. Este nevoie de un parteneriat intre guvern, organizatiile producatorilor organici si organizatiile de consumatori ori de protectie a mediului inconjurator. Fiecare are un rol de jucat. In Marea Britanie, in urma cu ceva ani, mici organizatii au pornit pe aceasta cale si au reusit sa creasca in numar si putere. Acum, peste 25 la suta din productia agricola este organica.

Dar necesitatile de consum sunt destul de mari. Agricultura cu inalta valoare pentru natura – High Nature Values Farming (HNVF) poate „convietui“ cu noul consumism?

Organizatiile despre care vorbeam inainte pot fi aliate ale agriculturii organice sau pot fi bariere impotriva ei. La nivel politic si institutional se poate lucra cu ele, iar mediul public va intelege ca agricultura organica e pur si simplu buna pentru mediul inconjurator. Evident se vor auzi voci: „de ce sa sustinem doar unu la suta din agricultura, sa facem treaba cu marele business“.

Asa este, insa fermierii ecologici pot drena ape, pot ara pamanturile la fel de bine precum fermierii din agricultura conventionala. Serviciile pe care le aduc agricultorii organici sunt la fel de bune si la fel de eficiente. Cercetari din toata lumea dovedesc tot mai peremptoriu ca agricultura organica sustine biodiversitatea, protejeaza specii de plante, pasari ori insecte. Tragand linie, putem declara fara urma de indoiala ca agricultura organica e mai buna.