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Acasă Business WWF: Valoarea biodiversitatii trebuie inclusa in bugetele tuturor tarilor

WWF: Valoarea biodiversitatii trebuie inclusa in bugetele tuturor tarilor

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Lumea trebuie sa adopte urgent un obiectiv concret, care sa includa valoarea biodiversitatii in bugetele tarilor, in strategiile de dezvoltare si de reducere a saraciei, precum si in cadrul proceselor de planificare.

Acesta este mesajul pe care ecologistii de la World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) il transmit reprezentantilor tarilor care se reunesc zilele acestea la Nagoya, in Japonia, pentru cea mai importanta intalnire din ultimii 10 ani a partilor Conventiei privind Biodiversitatea (CBD).

„Ceea ce lumea asteapta de la Nagoya sunt acele acorduri care sa opreasca tendinta de declin a resurselor naturale si distrugerea sistemelor care ne sustin viata”, a declarat Jim Leape, Director General al WWF International.

„Inainte de toate, trebuie sa ne asiguram ca valoarea imensa pe care o reprezinta ecosistemele sanatoase, functionale si diverse este luata in considerare atunci cand se iau decizii economice. Trebuie sa punem un pret pe rolul naturii de a ne oferi aer curat si apa in localitatile in care traim, un sol sanatos si surse sigure de hrana”, a mai spus acesta.

Cele 193 de natiuni care au ratificat Conventia privind Biodiversitatea au agreat, in 2002, sa reduca in mod semnificativ rata declinului biodiversitatii pana in anul 2010, prin protejarea a 10% din totalul habitatelor fiecarei tari.

Cu toate acestea, un raport al secretariatului Conventiei, publicat in mai 2010, arata ca 21 dintre obiectivele globale de protejare a biodiversitatii nu au fost indeplinite.

Mai exact, o cincime dintre habitatele speciilor amenintate nu au fost incluse sub statutul de protectie, iar protectia habitatelor oceanice acopera doar 1% din suprafata totala a acestora.

8 miliarde de dolari pentru pescarii

Guvernele ar putea avea castiguri uriase, daca ar inceta sa subventioneze supra-exploatarea resurselor naturale. De exemplu, flota globala de pescuit are o capacitate de doua ori si jumatate mai mare decat ceea ce pot sustine marile si oceanele.

Odata cu disparitia rezervelor de peste, Banca Mondiala estimeaza o pierdere a profitabilitatii de 50 miliarde de dolari pe an, pierderea a peste 27 milioane de locuri de munca si peste 1 miliard de oameni afectati de criza de peste.

Conform Programului de Mediu al Natiunilor Unite (UNEP), prin investitii in valoare aproximativa de 8 miliarde USD in reconstructia si “inverzirea” pescariilor din toata lumea, cantitatea de capturi ar creste, iar alimentatia si veniturile a sute de milioane de oameni s-ar imbunatati semnificativ.

Eliminarea progresiva a subventiilor pentru pescuit, care constituie de trei ori suma necesara pentru investitii, ar putea contribui la reducerea pescuitului excesiv, oferind, in acelasi timp, finantare pentru protectia si restaurarea pescariilor.

20% pentru 2020

WWF propune ca suprafata ariilor protejate sa creasca la 20%, pana in 2020. La nivel national acestea ar asigura supravietuirea si bunastarea tuturor ecosistemelor terestre si de coasta. Acelasi obiectiv ar include si acorduri la nivel international, pentru protejarea suprafetelor oceanice bogate in biodiversitate care se afla in afara jurisdictiilor nationale.

Pe de alta parte, WWF sustine ca Programele de Reducere a Emisiilor provenite din Despaduriri si Distrugerea Padurilor (programele REDD), aflate deja pe masa negocierilor referitoare la schimbarile climatice, ar putea contribui la stoparea pierderilor de suprafete impadurite.

WWF va solicita si evolutia mai accelerata a unuia dintre cele trei obiective initiale ale Conventiei privind Biodiversitatea, dorind stabilirea unei baze corecte in ceea ce priveste partajarea beneficiilor rezultate din resursele genetice. Intalnirea CBD din 2008 a trasat directiile privind Protocolul cu privire la accesul la resursele genetice si partajarea beneficiilor rezultate din utilizarea acestora (ABS), ce urmeaza sa fie finalizat la Nagoya.

„Ne dorim de multa vreme un protocol care sa recunoasca intereselor tarilor cu o biodiversitate bogata si care sa garanteze drepturile comunitatilor locale la propriile resurse si la cultura traditionala.”, a declarat Jim Leape.

Cu doua saptamani inainte de Conferinta de la Nagoya, WWF a transmis Guvernului Romaniei o serie de recomandari, impreuna cu indemnul de a lua masurile necesare pentru a debloca negocierile curente cu privire la CBD si pentru a asigura obtinerea unor rezultate relevante in urma COP10.