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Statiile electrice si de gaz pentru autovehicule devin obligatorii

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Statiile electrice si de gaz pentru autovehicule devin obligatorii
Romania ar trebui sa detina 10.000 de statii de realimentare
Romania ar trebui sa detina 10.000 de statii de realimentare

Toate tarile UE trebuie sa-si construiasca statii de alimentare cu combustibili alternativi, a anuntat astazi Comisia Europeana.

Statele UE vor avea obiective obligatorii in ceea ce priveste infrastructura destinata combustibililor curati, cum ar fi energia electrica, hidrogenul si gazul natural.

Comisia Europeana semnaleaza faptul ca, pana in prezent, „initiativele politice au vizat in principal combustibilii insisi si vehiculele, fara a lua in considerare distributia combustibililor. Masurile de stimulare au fost lipsite de coordonare si insuficiente”.

In acest moment, utilizarea combustibililor curati este redusa si din cauza pretului ridicat al vehiculelor care ii utilizeaza, si din lipsa statiilor de reincarcare si realimentare.

Este un cerc vicios. Nu se construiesc statii de realimentare deoarece nu exista suficiente vehicule. Vehiculele nu se vand la preturi competitive, deoarece nu exista cerere suficienta. Consumatorii nu cumpara vehiculele, deoarece au preturi ridicate si nu exista statii”, recunoaste Comisia Europeana.

Siim Kallas, vicepresedinte al Comisiei Europene responsabil cu transporturile, a subliniat ca, pana in anul 2020, „numarul vehiculelor electrice aflate in circulatie in China si in Statele Unite va depasi 6 milioane, conform estimarilor celor doua tari”. In acest context, si Europa „trebuie sa isi construiasca o pozitie puternica pe o piata globala in plina dezvoltare”, sustine Siim Kallas.

Dezvoltarea unor combustibili alternativi inovatori este o modalitate evidenta de a creste in Europa eficienta utilizarii resurselor, de a reduce dependenta excesiva de petrol si de a promova un sector al transporturilor care sa fie pregatit sa raspunda cerintelor secolului al XXI-lea”, a declarat vicepresedintele Comisiei Europene.

Pachetul legislativ privind energia nepoluanta propune un set de masuri legate de energia electrica, hidrogen, biocombustibili, precum si de gazul natural lichefiat si comprimat.

Sarcina Romaniei: 10.000 de statii electrice pana in anul 2020

In privinta energiei electrice, Comisia Europeana doreste sa impuna, in fiecare stat UE, existenta unui numar minim de puncte de reincarcare echipate cu acelasi tip de priza. De exemplu Romania, care in anul 2011 avea o singura statie de reincarcare, ar trebui sa puna la dispozitia publicului, pana in anul 2020, 10.000 de puncte de reincarcare.

La ora actuala, tarile europene cele mai avansate in acest sens sunt Germania (1937 de statii), Franta (1600), Olanda (1700), Spania si Marea Britanie.

Totusi, chiar state cu suprafata mult mai mica decat Romania au mai multe statii electrice. In anul 2011, Slovacia avea trei statii, Ungaria si Luxemburg – cate sapte statii, Cehia – 23 de statii iar Austria – 489 de statii de reincarcare.

Pe langa cresterea numarului de statii electrice, o alta masura care sa ajute producatorii auto este impunerea unui model unic pentru priza de reincarcare.

Pentru a pune capat incertitudinilor de pe piata, Comisia Europeana a anuntat astazi ca priza „tip 2” va servi drept standard comun in intreaga Uniune.

Un alt combustibil nepoluant este hidrogenul. Comisia Europeana mentioneaza ca 14 state UE detin statii de realimentare cu hidrogen, cele mai numeroase fiind in Germania, Italia si Danemarca – desi unele dintre acestea nu sunt accesibile publicului. Comisia Europeana propune introducerea unor standarde comune, in intreaga UE, pentru statiile de hidrogen, care sa uniformizeze anumite componente, cum ar fi furtunurile pentru combustibil.

Biocarburantii sunt usor de folosit, dar trebuie produsi sustenabil

O abordare mult mai simpla este posibila pentru biocombustibili. Acestia reprezinta deja aproape 5 la suta din piata UE, sunt utilizati in amestec cu combustibili traditionali si nu necesita nicio infrastructura specifica. O provocare majora o reprezinta insa sustenabilitatea, intrucat cultivarea de plante energetice, ca sursa de biocarburanti, se face in dauna culturilor agricole.

Gazul natural lichefiat (GNL) va continua sa fie utilizat atat in transporturile navale (maritime si fluviale) cat si de catre autocamioane. In domeniul naval, doar Suedia are statii de alimentare in functiune. Comisia Europeana propune ca pana in anii 2020 si 2025 sa se intaleze statii de realimentare cu GNL in toate cele 139 de porturi maritime si fluviale care fac parte din reteaua centrala transeuropeana de transport.

Pentru autocamioane, exista in prezent doar 38 de statii de alimentare cu GNL in intreaga UE. Comisia propune ca, pana in 2020, sa se instaleze statii de realimentare la fiecare 400 km pe soselele care fac parte din reteaua centrala transeuropeana de transport.

Gazul natural comprimat (GNC) este utilizat in principal de automobile. In prezent, un milion de vehicule utilizeaza acest combustibil, ceea ce reprezinta 0,5% din flota UE. Sectorul auto isi propune cresterea de zece ori a numarului de masini alimentate cu GNC. Propunerea Comisiei va garanta ca, pana in 2020, vor fi disponibile in intreaga Europa puncte de realimentare accesibile publicului, cu standarde comune, la intervale de maximum 150 km.

Cea mai cunoscuta forma de utilizare a gazului drept combustibil auto este GPL (gazul petrolier lichefiat). Comisia Europeana nu are in plan nicio decizie pentru GPL, intrucat infrastructura de baza este deja stabilita.

Comisia Europeana considera ca statele UE sunt in masura sa aplice strategia combustibililor curati, fara ca acest proces „sa implice neaparat cheltuieli publice”. Sprijinul din partea UE este deja disponibil prin fondul de coeziune si fondurile structurale.