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”Capsunarii” Europei, tot mai des supusi abuzurilor din partea angajatorilor

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Statutul micului producator, dar mai ales cel al lucratorului sezonier in agricultura se degradeaza vazand cu ochii, pe fondul unei Politici Agricole Comune care incurajeaza doar marile exploatatii agricole si al unor reglementari slabe in domeniul protectiei muncii in agricultura, atrag atentia reprezentantii mai multor sindicate agricole europene si romanesti, reuniti la Bucuresti.

”De 2-3 ani asistam la incalcarea contractelor sezoniere si la crearea unei concurente neloiale intre lucratorii din diverse tari care vin sa lucreze in sudul Spaniei, Frantei sau Italiei. Pe de-o parte exista o concurenta neloiala intre industria alimentara si micii producatori, iar, pe de alta parte, o alta intre lucratorii polonezi, romani sau magrebieni. Unii au contracte, altii nu, unii au asigurari sociale, altii nu…”, a atras atentia Nicolas Duntze, reprezentant al Confederatiei Taranesti din Franta, in cadrul unei conferinte de presa sustinute ieri.

Criza, motiv de abuzuri

Din cauza intereselor economice foarte mari, inspectorii de munca intorc capul si nu penalizeaza angajatorii care comit abuzuri asupra sezonierilor, intre care multi sunt romani, explica Maria del Carmen Garcia Bueno, din partea Sindicatului Andaluz al Lucratorilor Agricoli din Spania. ”Legislatia spaniola penalizeaza dur doar cazurile in care angajatii sunt descoperiti fara documente legale. Dar daca angajatorul nu respecta salarariul din contract, atunci vinovatul nu risca decat sa dea diferenta de bani angajatului. Caruia ii este oricum teama sa-si denunte angajatorul, de teama ca nu-si va mai gasi alt loc de munca”, a mai spus aceasta.

”Daca eu as fura geanta cuiva, atunci as fi acuzata de hotie. Or un angajator care fura banii sezonierului nu pateste acelasi lucru”, spune Garcia Bueno, aratand ca, sub scuza crizei, angajatorii au dat drepturilor lucratorilor cu 30 de ani in urma. Angajatii profita de afluxul foarte mare de muncitori pentru a scadea salariile si a le incalca drepturile la asigurari sociale, asigurari de sanatate s.a.m.d.

Potrivit lui Ginu Toma, presedinte al sindicatului taranilor si proprietarilor Propact, cei 30.000 de romani care lucreaza pe exploatatiile din Almeria, sudul Spaniei, primesc in ultima vreme sprijinul sindicatelor, care le ofera fluturasi informativi despre drepturile lor, precum programul de munca, plata orelor suplimentare, conditii de cazare, cotizatii sociale si de sanatate, dar si contacte utile ale institutiilor spaniole si ale sindicatelor.

”Capsunarii” de pe plantatii, departe de Bruxelles

Sindicatele taranesti europene, reunite in Asociatia Via Campesina, au lansat in urma cu 2 ani o campanie menita sa imbunatateasca legislatia comunitara si a statelor membre la capitolul protectia drepturilor lucratorilor sezonieri. Din pacate, arata Nicolas Duntze, la nivel european exista o Directiva deja redactata, dar care nu reglementeaza decat situatia lucratorilor veniti din spatiul extracomunitar. ”Mai mult, reglementarile sunt redactate din perspectiva protectiei granitelor UE si nu a protectiei muncitorilor”, subliniaza sindicalistul francez.

In cazul Romaniei, Duntze a remarcat faptul ca ”nu exista o protectie reala a statului roman pentru cetatenii sai care pleaca la munca in strainatate”. ”Am avut de dimineata o intalnire cu doi reprezentanti ai Ministerului Muncii si nu mi s-au parut foarte dinamici. Raspunsurile lor mi-au amintit de textele oficiale”, a regretat el.

Asigurarile platite in Spania trebuie sa aiba efect si in Romania

In cadrul actiunilor de lobby la nivel european, sindicatele taranesti au depus la Parlamentul European un raport care puncteaza principalele probleme si solutiile pentru imbunatatirea conditiilor. Raportul solicita o monitorizare mai buna a conditiilor de munca pe marile exploatatii agricole si cere UE sanctionarea statelor care nu reusesc sa tina sub control abuzurile angajatorilor.

Acestea mai cer conditii de protectie sociala egale cu ale angajatilor din alte domenii si eliminarea masurilor care conduc la un drept de sedere precar si conditionat de bunavointa unui angajator (confiscarea pasaportului, semnarea clauzei de reintoarcere in tara de origine, depunerea unei garantii, etc.). ”Actualele contracte nu permit sa urmarim ce se intampla cu lucratorii care, o data intorsi in tara de origine, dupa 1-2 ani dezvolta o boala profesionala, declansata spre exemplu de expunerea la pesticide. Trebuie ca acesti oameni sa poata beneficia si in tara de origine de pe urma cotizatiilor la sanatate platite in Italia, Franta sau Spania”, explica Duntze.

Livia Cimpoeru