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Acasă EcoLIFESTYLE Poliaminele, solutie ecologica pentru tratarea apei de cazan

Poliaminele, solutie ecologica pentru tratarea apei de cazan

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Recente descoperiri in tratamentul apei de cazan au aratat ca un control efectiv al coroziunii si prevenirea depozitelor pot fi realizate prin utilizarea unor aditivi multicomponenti pe baza de poliamine, evitandu-se in acelasi timp folosirea de substante daunatoare mediului sau omului.

Acesti inhibitori se manifesta prin neutralizarea bioxidului de carbon si formarea uiu strat protector de magnetita intre suprafata metalului si apa. Dozajul necesar este redus si este independent de concentratia de bioxid de carbon si oxigen. Inhibitorii formatori de film protector contin diferite tipuri de amine neutralizante si cresc nivelul pH-ului in cazan si in sistemele de condensare. Actioneaza imediat si eficient fara a fi un pericol pentru lumea inconjuratoare.

Poliaminele reprezinta solutia economica, tehnica si ecologica in tratamentul apei de cazan si instalatiilor. Raspandirea acestei tehnologii de varf are efecte benefice din punct de vedere financiar si in industria romanesca, chiar inainte de aplicarea pe scara mai larga.

Tratarea anti-coroziune a apei in sistemele apa-abur-condens din majoritatea industriilor din Romania nu este tocmai ideala. Termocentrale, rafinarii, combinate chimice, fabrici de bere si multe alte obiective folosesc produse daunatoare mediului precum fosfatii la care se adauga hidrazina, un pericol real nu numai pentru natura, ci si pentru om.

Coroziunea in sisteme cu cazane cu aburi

Apa utilizata in generarea aburului nu este niciodata pura deoarece apele naturale sunt supuse continuu proceselor de evaporare si condensare. In timpul acestor procese, apa dizolva gaze din atmosfera si substante ce se gasesc in scoarta terestra. Gazele dizolvate, substantele si alte impuritati pot fi inlaturate intr-o anumita masura prin tratarea externa a apei.

Apa de alimentare a cazanului tratata extern contine inca anumiti contaminanti ce pot duce la formarea de depuneri, coroziuni ale metalelor si creeaza probleme in diversele componente ale sistemului de producere al aburului cum ar fi tevile cazanului, supraincalzitoarele, economizoarele si instalatia de condensare.

Coroziunea si crusta din sistem conduc la reducerea transferului termic, cresterea consumului de combustibil si supraincalziri ale metalelor ce culmineaza cu spargerea tevilor, crescand costurile de intretinere si de inlocuire a echipamentelor.

De asemenea, pot aparea frecvent pierderi indirecte datorita perioadelor de oprire a cazanului. Pe langa neplacerile produse in operare si reducerea duratei de viata a componentelor, creste frecventa accidentelor produse datorita formarii excesive de crusta si deteriorarilor provocate de coroziune in sistemele generatoare de abur.

Pentru stoparea coroziunii si conditionarea apei din circuite se folosesc in prezent diversi aditivi mai mult sau mai putin daunatori mediului, printre care si hidratul de hidrazina.

Efectele hidrazinei asupra mediului si omului

Desi util in tratarea apei de cazan, hidratul de hidrazina este considerat toxic si periculos pentru mediu si om. Conform cercetarilor hidrazina, compus organic bazic, combinatie a azotului cu hidrogenul, este un aditiv extrem de instabil, inflamabil, toxic si coroziv. In urma unor deversari accidentale, produsul devine deosebit de daunator ecosistemelor acvatice afectand calitatea apei din cauza nivelului de toxicitate ridicat. Eliberata in atmosfera in timpul procesului de transport sau stocare, hidrazina este daunatoare plantelor.

Mai mult decat atat, recent, hidrazina a fost clasificata drept substanta cancerigena, periculoasa pentru om. Expunerea pe termen chiar si scurt la cantitati mari de hidrazina poate da nastere la diverse simptome de la o simpla iritare a ochilor, nasului, gatului, ameteli si dureri de cap la edeme pulmonare si coma.

Expunerea acuta poate aduce prejudicii ficatului, rinichilor si sistemului nervos. Lichidul este coroziv si poate conduce la dermatite. In urma unor experiemente facute, au fost observate la rozatoarele expuse la hidrazina tumori ale ficatului si plamanilor. Efectele negative evidente rezultate in urma folosirii unor astfel de produse daunatoare in special ecosistemului acvatic, precum si recenta impunere a normelor europene conduc la cautarea, gasirea si utilizarea de produse alternative, cu responsabilitate fata de om si mediu.

Foto: fineamin.ro